Drugs

Esomeprazole is a medication that reduces stomach acid. It is used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer disease, and Zollinger–Ellison syndrome. Effectiveness is similar to other proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). It is taken by mouth or injection into a vein. It was patented in 1993 and approved for medical …

Naproxen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat pain, menstrual cramps, and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, gout, and fever. It is taken orally. It is available in immediate and delayed-release formulations. The onset of effects is within an hour and lasts for up to twelve hours. …

Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class. It is mainly used recreationally, as a eugeroic (wakefulness promoter) or as a mild cognitive enhancer to increase alertness and attentional performance. Caffeine acts by blocking the binding of adenosine to the adenosine A1 receptor, which enhances the …

Paracetamol (acetaminophen or para-hydroxyacetanilide) is a non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic agent used to treat fever and mild to moderate pain. It is a widely used over-the-counter medication. Paracetamol was first made in 1878 by Harmon Northrop Morse or possibly in 1852 by Charles Frédéric Gerhardt. It is the most commonly …

Vonoprazan is a first-in-class potassium-competitive acid blocker medication. It was approved in the Japanese market in February 2015 and in Russia in April 2021. Vonoprazan is used in the form of fumarate for the treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers (including some drug-induced peptic ulcers) and reflux esophagitis and can be combined …

Fluconazole is an antifungal medication used for several fungal infections. This includes candidiasis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, dermatophytosis, and pityriasis versicolor. It is also used to prevent candidiasis in those who are at high risk such as following organ transplantation, low birth weight babies, and those with low blood neutrophil …

Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used for the treatment of stomach ulcers, short-term treatment of erosive esophagitis due to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), maintenance of healing of erosive esophagitis, and pathological hypersecretory conditions including Zollinger–Ellison syndrome. It may also be used along with other medications to eliminate Helicobacter pylori. …

Rabeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used to help gastrointestinal ulcers heal, treat symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), eradicate Helicobacter pylori, and to treat hypersecretory conditions such as Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome. It may also be used in combination with other medications to treat Helicobacter pylori. Effectiveness is similar to other …

Cephradine is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections of the respiratory and urinary tracts and of the skin and soft tissues. Structure: Physicochemical Data: IUPAC Name      (6R,7R)-7-{[(2R)-2-Amino-2-(1-cyclohexa-1,4-dienyl)acetyl]amino}-3-methyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid CAS Number 38821-53-3 Molecular Formula C16H19N3O4S Molecular Mass 349.41 g·mol−1 Melting Point 140°C Pharmacokinetic Data: Absorption Well absorbed Volume …

Atorvastatin is a statin medication used to prevent cardiovascular disease in those at high risk and to treat abnormal lipid levels. For the prevention of cardiovascular disease, statins are a first-line treatment. It is taken by mouth. Atorvastatin was patented in 1986 and approved for medical use in the United …

Cefuroxime is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat and prevent a number of bacterial infections. These include pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media, sepsis, urinary tract infections, and Lyme disease. It is used by mouth or by injection into a vein or muscle. Cefuroxime was patented in 1971 and approved for …

Losartan is a medication used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). It is in the angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) family of medication and is considered protective of the kidneys. Besides hypertension, it is also used in diabetic kidney disease, heart failure, and left ventricular enlargement. It comes as a tablet …

Pregabalin is an anticonvulsant, analgesic, and anxiolytic medication used to treat epilepsy, neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, restless leg syndrome, opioid withdrawal, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Pregabalin also has antiallodynic properties. Its use in epilepsy is as an add-on therapy for partial seizures. It is a gabapentinoid medication and acts by …

Atenolol is a beta-blocker medication primarily used to treat high blood pressure and heart-associated chest pain. Atenolol, however, does not seem to improve mortality in those with high blood pressure. Other uses include the prevention of migraines and the treatment of certain irregular heartbeats. It is taken orally (by mouth) …

Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker medication used to treat high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, and variant angina (also called Prinzmetal angina or coronary artery vasospasm, among other names). It is taken orally (swallowed by mouth). Amlodipine was patented in 1982 and approved for medical use in 1990. It …

Gentamicin is an antibiotic used to treat several types of bacterial infections. This may include bone infections, endocarditis, pelvic inflammatory disease, meningitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and sepsis among others. It is not effective for gonorrhea or chlamydia infections. It can be given intravenously, by intramuscular injection, or topically. Topical …

Clotrimazole is an antifungal medication. It is used to treat vaginal yeast infections, oral thrush, diaper rash, tinea versicolor, and types of ringworm including athlete’s foot and jock itch. It can be taken by mouth or applied as a cream to the skin or in the vagina. Clotrimazole was discovered …

Betamethasone is a steroid medication. It is used for several diseases including rheumatic disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, skin diseases such as dermatitis and psoriasis, allergic conditions such as asthma and angioedema, preterm labor to speed the development of the baby’s lungs, Crohn’s disease, cancers such …

Azithromycin is an antibiotic medication used for the treatment of several bacterial infections. This includes middle ear infections, strep throat, pneumonia, traveler’s diarrhea, and certain other intestinal infections. Along with other medications, it may also be used for malaria. It can be taken by mouth or intravenously. Azithromycin was discovered …

Aceclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) analog of diclofenac. It is used for the relief of pain and inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. It was patented in 1983 and approved for medical use in 1992. Structure: Physicochemical Data: IUPAC Name      2-[2-[2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]phenyl]acetyl]oxyacetic acid CAS Number 89796-99-6 Formula …